311 St Militiades begins his reign as Catholic Pope
626 Incident at Xuanwu Gate: in fear of assassination, Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival brothers Li Yuanji and Li Jiancheng
706 Remains of Chinese Emperor Gaozong, his wife Empress Wu Zetian and family members interred in Qianling Mausoleum by Emperor Zhongzong, outside Chang'an on Mount Liangshan
963 The imperial army proclaims Nicephorus Phocas to be Emperor of the Romans on the plains outside Cappadocian Caesarea
1140 Hartbert becomes bishop of Utrecht
1214 Battle of La Roche-aux-Moines (Angers), part of King John of England attempt to reclaim Normandy from France
1298 Battle on Hasenbuhl (Gollheim) between German kings Adolf and Albrecht I1555 Turgut Reis sacks the Italian city of Paola
1561 Menas, Emperor of Ethiopia, defeats a revolt in Emfraz
1576 Muitende Spanish soldiers conquer Zierik Sea
1578 Martin Frobisher sights Baffin Island
1582 Battle of Yamazaki: Toyotomi Hideyoshi defeats Akechi Mitsuhide
1600 Battle at Newport: Earl Mauritius van Nassau beats Spanish Army
1613 The first English expedition from Massachusetts against Acadia led by Samuel Argall
1644 Battle of Marston Moor, North Yorkshire: Parliamentary forces under Lords Fairfax and Manchester defeat royalists led by Prince Rupert
1679 Europeans first visit Minnesota and see headwaters of Mississippi in an expedition led by Daniel Greysolon de Du Luth
1681 Earl of Shaftesbury arrested for high treason
1687 King James II disbands English parliament
1698 Thomas Savery patents the first steam engine
1776 New Jersey gives the right to vote to all adults who could show a net worth of 50 pounds
1776 Continental Congress resolves "these United Colonies are & of right ought to be Free and Independent States"1794 Second Battle of Seneffe: France-Austria
1808 Simon Fraser completes his trip down Fraser River, British Columbia, lands at Musqueam
1816 French frigate "La Méduse" runs aground under incompetent leadership of aristocrat Viscount of Chaumareys, forcing evacuation of 400 passengers. 150 men, 1 woman are left on "la Machine," a poorly provisioned raft. 13 days later only 15 survivors remain due to starvation, riots, madness, suicide, and cannibalism
1823 Bahia Independence Day: the end of Portuguese rule in Brazil, with the final defeat of the Portuguese crown loyalists in the province of Bahia
1839 Slaves aboard a Spanish schooner La Amistad revolt to secure their freedom while being transported from one Cuban port to another
1847 Envelope bearing 1st US 10 cent stamps used (still exists today)1850 Benjamin Lane patents gas mask with a breathing apparatus
1858 Partial emancipation of Russian serfs
1861 Battle of Hoke's Run, WV - small Union victory
1862 Lincoln signs act granting land for state agricultural colleges
1863 Battle of Gettysburg (2nd day)
1863 R Morgan's: Burksville, Kentucky to Salineville, Ohio [->JUL 26]
1864 General Early and Confederate forces reach Winchester en route to Washington, D.C.
1864 Statuary Hall in US Capitol forms
1865 One-time Methodist Reform Church minister William Booth and his wife Catherine found the Salvation Army (Army of the Salvation) as the East London Christian Mission
1867 1st US elevated railroad begins service, NYC
1870 Jules Joseph d'Anethan is elected the tenth Prime Minister of Belgium1885 Canada's North-west Insurrection ends with surrender of Big Bear
1890 Congress passes Sherman Antitrust Act
1894 Government obtains injunction against striking Pullman Workers
1900 Sibelius' "Finlandia" premieres in Helsinki
1902 John McGraw becomes manager of MLB New York Giants, 30 year tenure (1902-32)
1902 Wimbledon Men's Tennis: Laurence Doherty wins his first title beating Arthur Gore 6-4, 6-3, 3-6, 6-0
1903 National League MLB batting champion Ed Delahanty, disappears after being removed from a train by force, found dead at bottom of Niagara Falls 2 weeks later
1903 Pitcher Jack Doscher, debuts for the Chicago Cubs, the first son of a major leaguer to play MLB, father Herm 1882-92
1906 Yanks win by forfeit for the 1st time
1907 US National Women's Tennis Championship: Evelyn Sears beats fellow American Carrie Neely 6-3, 6-2 for her only major singles title
1915 Erich Muenter, an instructor in German at Cornell University, explodes a bomb in the US Senate reception room
1916 Russian offensive in Armenia
1917 Riots in East St Louis, Missouri
1921 Wimbledon Men's Tennis: Bill Tilden beats South African Brian Norton 4-6, 2-6, 6-1, 6-0, 7-5 for the third of 10 Grand Slam singles titles1926 US Army Air Corps created; Distinguish Flying Cross authorized
1927 Wimbledon Women's Tennis: Helen Wills Moody beats Spaniard Lilí Álvarez 6-2, 6-4 for her first of 8 Wimbledon titles
1927 Jericho Earthquake in Palestine kills about 500
1927 Wimbledon Men's Tennis: In an all-French final Henri Cochet beats Jean Borotra 4-6, 4-6, 6-3, 6-4, 7-5
1928 British parliament reduces the age at women can vote to 21 - the same as men (Representation of the People Act 1928)
1928 The Jenkins Television Corporation (owned by Charles Jenkins) goes on air with W3XK, the first television broadcasting station in the USA
1930 Carl Reynolds becomes only the 2nd player in MLB history to hit home runs in 3 consecutive innings in 15-4 White Sox victory at Yankee Stadium
1932 Wimbledon Women's Tennis: Helen Wills Moody beats fellow American Helen Jacobs 6-3, 6-1 for her 5th of 8 titles
1932 Wimbledon Men's Tennis: American Ellsworth Vines beats hometown favourite Bunny Austin 6-4, 6-2, 6-0 for his only Wimbledon title1932 American golfer Walter Hagan wins his 5th and last Western Open in Cleveland, 16 years after he won his first
1933 NY Giants pitcher Carl Hubbell works 18 innings of shutout ball without a walk to beat St Louis Cardinals 1-0
1934 General Lazaro Cardenas elected president of Mexico
1935 Great Britain amateur boxing team beats United States in the first International Golden Gloves tournament
1937 Wimbledon Men's Tennis: Don Budge beats Germany's Gottfried von Cramm 6-3, 6-4, 6-2 for first of back-to-back titles
1937 Wimbledon Women's Tennis: Dorothy Round of England beats Poland's Jadwiga Jędrzejowska 6-2, 2-6, 7-5 for her second Wimbledon title
1940 Dutch PM Colijn publishes "Borders of 2 Worlds" (German victory)
1940 Lake Washington (Seattle) Floating bridge dedicated1940 Indian independence leader Subhas Chandra Bose is arrested and detained in Calcutta
1941 Joe DiMaggio hits a 3-run homer off Boston's Dick Newsome to pass Willie Keeler's MLB record 44 game hitting streak
1941 Nazi mass murder in Lvov/Lemberg (7,000 dead)
1941 Noel Coward's "Blithe Spirit" premieres in London
1943 Gulf of Biskaje: Liberator bombers sinks U-126
1943 Lieutenant Charles Hall becomes 1st African American pilot to shoot down a Nazi plane
1944 German Field Marshal Günther von Kluge replaces General von Rundstedt
1946 Dutch Beel government forms
1946 Harbor workers end strike at Rotterdam and Amsterdam
1947 Military coup discovered in France
1948 Wimbledon Men's Tennis: American Bob Falkenburg beats John Bromwich of Australia 7-5, 0-6, 6-2, 3-6, 7-5 for his only Grand Slam singles title
1948 Wimbledon Women's Tennis: Louise Brough beats fellow American Doris Hart 6-3, 8-6 for the first of 3-straight Wimbledon singles titles
1948 British Open Golf, Muirfield: England's Henry Cotton wins by 5 from Irishman Fred Daly for his third Open victory1949 "High Button Shoes" closes at Century Theater NYC after 727 performances
1949 "Red Barber's Clubhouse" sports show premieres on CBS (later NBC) TV
1950 Indian Bob Feller, wins his 200th game, 5-3 over Detroit
1950 Kinkaku-ji, a Zen Buddihst temple in Kyoto, Japan, burns down
1950 Henri Queuille is elected the seventh Prime Minister of the Fourth French Republic
1951 Bill Veeck buys St Louis Browns from Bill & Charlie DeWitt
1951 "Bob & Ray show" premieres on NBC radio
1951 Worcestershire cricket wicketkeeper Hugo Yarnold makes a record 6 stumpings in an innings in a 1st-class match vs Scotland at Dundee
1951 Island advisor of Curacao installed
1951 Leidse astronomers discover radio signal out of Milky Way system
1952 Princess Beatrice opens miniature city of Madurodam
1954 Wimbledon Men's Tennis: Czech Jaroslav Drobný beats Ken Rosewall of Australia 13-11, 4-6, 6-2, 9-7 for his only Wimbledon singles title
1954 England cricket batsman Denis Compton scores career best 278 in 287 mins in 2nd Test win over Pakistan at Nottingham
1954 Wimbledon Women's Tennis: Maureen Connolly wins her 3rd consecutive Wimbledon singles title beating fellow American Louise Brough 6-2, 7-5
1955 "7th Heaven" closes at ANTA Theater NYC after 44 performances
1955 "Almost Crazy" closes at Longacre Theater NYC after 16 performances
1955 "Lawrence Welk Show" premieres on ABC1956 US performs nuclear test at Enwetak (atmospheric tests)
1957 1st submarine designed to fire guided missiles launched, Grayback
1957 Pope Pius XII publishes encyclical Le pelerinage De Lourdes
1958 US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Bikini Island
1959 Ed Wood's "Plan 9 From Outer Space", called one of the worse films ever, premieres
1960 "Once Upon a Mattress" closes at Alvin Theater NYC after 460 performances1964 Grand jury indicts Beckwith in murder of Medger Evers
1965 Wimbledon Men's Tennis: Roy Emerson scores second consecutive title win over fellow Australian Fred Stolle 6-2, 6-4, 6-4
1966 Wimbledon Men's Tennis: Spaniard Manuel Santana wins last of 4 major titles beating American Dennis Ralston 6-4, 11-9, 6-4
1966 1st France nuclear test on Mururoa atoll
1966 Wimbledon Women's Tennis: American Billie Jean King beats Maria Bueno of Brazil 6-3, 3-6, 6-1 for the first of her 12 Grand Slam singles titles
1966 West Indian cricket batsman Basil Butcher scores career best 209 not out to guide tourists to a 139-run 3rd Test win over England at Trent Bridge
1967 US Open Women's Golf, The Homestead: Catherine Lacoste wins by 2 strokes from Susie Maxwell & Beth Stone (youngest [22], 1st amateur winner)
1968 An El Al Israeli airliner is hijacked and diverted to Algeria by three armed members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)
1969 Ireland bowl out West Indies for 25 at Londonderry, win by 9 wkts
1969 Leslie West & Felix Pappalardi form rock group Mountain
1969 Ireland cricketers dismiss West Indies for just 25 (Dougie Goodwin 5 for 6, Alec O'Riordan 4 for 18) to set up a huge upset in Londonderry
1970 1st Boeing 747 to land in Amsterdam & Brussels
1970 NY Yankees infielder Horace Clarke breaks up a potential no-hitter in the 9th inning for 3rd time in 28 days
1970 The Prevention of Incitement to Hatred Act (Northern Ireland) is introduced; it proves difficult to secure convictions under its provisions, seldom enforced
1970 Neil Blaney is found not guilty of illegal arms importation to the Irish Republican Army by a Dublin jury
1971 Wimbledon Women's Tennis: In an all-Australian final Evonne Goolagong beats Margaret Court 6-4, 6-1 for the first of 2 Wimbledon singles titles
1971 USSR performs underground nuclear test
1972 "Fiddler on the Roof" closes at Imperial Theater NYC after 3242 performances
1972 US Open Women's Golf, Winged Foot GC: American Susie Maxwell Berning wins by 1 from Judy Rankin, Kathy Ahern & Pam Barnett
1972 American pole vaulter Bob Seagren breaks world record for the 4th and final time with 5.63m in Eugene, Oregon
1972 India and Pakistan sign Simla Agreement peace accord
1972 Two Catholic civilians are shot and killed in Belfast by Loyalist paramilitaries, probably the Ulster Defence Association (UDA)
1973 James R Schlesinger ends term as 9th director of CIA
1973 Nation Black Network begins operation on radio
1973 "You've Never Been This Far Before" single released by Conway Twitty (Billboard Song of the Year 1973)
1974 Fernando Mameda of Portugal sets record for 10,000 m (27:13.81)
1976 Wimbledon Women's Tennis: American Chris Evert beats Evonne Goolagong Cawley of Australia 6-3, 4-6, 8-6 for second of 3 Wimbledon singles titles
1976 Formal reunification of North and South Vietnam
1976 US Supreme Court rules death penalty not inherently cruel or unusual
1976 Ramble Inn attack: the Ulster Volunteer Force killed 6 civilians (5 Protestants, 1 Catholic) in a gun attack at a pub near Antrim; the pub was targeted because it was owned by Catholics
1977 Wimbledon Men's Tennis: Sweden's Björn Borg beats American Jimmy Connors 3-6, 6-2, 6-1, 5-7, 6-4 for the second of 5 consecutive Wimbledon singles titles
1978 MLB pitcher Ron Guidry beats Detroit 3-2 for a NY Yankee record 13-0 start to the season1980 Grateful Dead's Bob Weir and Mickey Hart are arrested for incitement
1980 Julie Marie Bryan, 18, of Georgia, crowned America's Young Woman of Yr
1980 Comedy film "Airplane!" written and directed by David Zucker, Jim Abrahams, and Jerry Zucker and starring Robert Hays and Julie Hagerty premieres
1982 Larry Walters using lawn chair & 42 helium balloons, rose to 16,000'
1982 Soyuz T-6 returns to Earth
1982 In South Africa, the Internal Security Act is passed, giving massive powers to the authorities to investigate any organization or publication
1983 Wimbledon Women's Tennis: Martina Navratilova beats Andrea Jaeger 6-0, 6-3 for the 4th of 9 Wimbledon singles titles
1985 Andrei Gromyko appointed president of USSR
1985 European Space Agency launches Giotto (Halley's Comet Flyby)1986 US Supreme Court upholds affirmative action in 2 rulings
1987 Jim Eisenreich's comeback after nervous disorder in 1984
1987 Nilde Iotti is named as the first female President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies.
1988 Wimbledon Women's Tennis: Germany's Steffi Graf beats Martina Navratilova 5-7, 6-2, 6-1 for the third leg of her Golden Slam
1988 Lester Dumakude, commander of an Umkhonto we Sizwe special operations unit, detonate a car bomb by remote control outside Ellis Park Stadium in Johannesburg, South Africa
1989 US Open Senior Golf, Laurel Valley GC: Orville Moody wins by 2 from Frank Beard, 20 years after his US Open triumph in 19691989 American jockey Steve Cauthen wins Irish Derby on Old Vic to become the first rider in history to sweep the world's 4 major Derbies (Kentucky, Epsom, French, Irish)
1990 Panic in tunnel of Mecca: 1,426 pilgrims trampled to death
1991 Riot at Guns N' Roses concert in St Louis
1992 Braniff Airlines goes out of business
1993 Boat sinks at Bocaue Philippines, 325 die
1993 F-28 crashes at Sorong Irian Barat, 41 die
1993 Kansas Royals rename stadium Ewing Kaufman Stadium after founder
1993 Muslim fundamentalists in Sivas, Turkey, set hotel on fire, kill 361993 Royals Stadium is renamed Kauffman Stadium shortly before the death of Kansas City Royals owner Ewing Kauffman
1994 Wimbledon Women's Tennis: Conchita Martínez of Spain upsets Martina Navratilova 6-4, 3-6, 6-3 for her only Grand Slam title
1994 John Wayne Bobbitt & Kristina Elliot arrested for domestic battery
1994 Middlesex cricket seam bowler Richard Johnson takes all 10 Derbyshire wickets for 45 runs at the County Ground in Derby
1994 US Air DC-9 crash in North Carolina, 37 killed
1995 "Rose Tattoo" closes at Circle in the Square NYC after 80 performances
1995 US Open Senior Golf, Congressional GC: Tom Weiskopf wins by 4 strokes from Jack Nicklaus for his only Senior Tour major victory
1995 Thailand: Banharn Silpa-Archa's party wins election
1995 LA Dodgers pitcher Hideo Nomo is first Japanese player to be selected for a MLB All Star game when he is named in the NL squad
1998 "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" the second book in the series is published by Bloomsbury in the UK
2000 Vicente Fox Quesada is elected the first President of México from an opposition party, the Partido Acción Nacional after more than 70 years of continuous rule by the Partido Revolucionario Institucional.
2000 UEFA European Championship Final: David Trezeguet scores in extra time to give France a 2-1 win over Italy in Rotterdam
2001 AbioCor self contained artificial heart created.
2001 Bush Administration announce that it will seek to let oil companies drill on about 1,500,000 acres of the Gulf of Mexico
2001 UN Security Council, facing an almost certain Russian veto, agrees to postpone indefinitely a vote on the US-led "smart sanctions" package for Iraq
2002 Steve Fossett becomes the first person to fly solo around the world nonstop in a balloon.
2003 Silvio Berlusconi, Prime Minister of Italy, insults German MP Martin Schulz by calling him a "kapo" during a session of the European Parliament.
2004 ASEAN Regional Forum accepts Pakistan as its 24th member.
2005 Wimbledon Women's Tennis: Venus Williams beats fellow American Lindsay Davenport 4-6, 7-6, 9-7 for the 3rd of her 5 Wimbledon singles titles2006 Sri Lanka's Sanath Jayasuriya (152) and Upul Tharanga (109) compile world record cricket ODI opening stand of 286 vs England at Headingley
2008 Ingrid Betancourt and 14 other FARC hostages are rescued by the Colombian armed forces.
2008 A settlement was reached allowing former NBA franchise the Seattle SuperSonics to move to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
2010 Oil tanker truck explosion in South Kivu, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, kills at least 230 people
2010 FIFA World Cup: Ghana, only African team remaining in last 8, are beaten 4-2 on penalties by Uruguay; Netherlands upset Brazil 2-1
2011 Wimbledon Women's Tennis: Czech left hander Petra Kvitová wins her first Grand Slam title beating Maria Sharapova 6-3, 6-4
2011 American twin brothers Bob & Mike Bryan earn their record equalling 11th Grand Slam doubles title with a straight sets win over Robert Lindstedt & Horia Tecău at Wimbledon
2012 GlaxoSmithKline settles the largest healthcare fraud case in history for US$3 Billion
2012 Monsoon rain in East India kills at least 79 people and leaves 2.2 million homeless
2013 16 people are killed and 200 are injured in protest clashes at Cairo University against Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi
2013 Reds pitcher Homer Bailey no-hits SF Giants 3-0 in Cincinnati, his second no-hitter in 10 months
2015 BP agrees to compensate US government & gulf states $18.7 billion for the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill
2015 62 people are killed after the Kim Nirvana ferry capsizes off the coast of the Philippines
2016 Large lorry bomb in Baghdad kills at least 125 people and wounds 150, Islamic State claims responsibility2017 US President Donald Trump tweets edited wrestling video of himself attacking news network 'CNN'
2017 FIFA Confederations Cup: Germany defeats Chile 1-0 to win for the 1st time at Krestovsky Stadium in Saint Petersburg, Russia
2017 New Jersey Governor Chris Christie causes uproar by day at beach during his government's shutdown of beaches
2017 World Health Organization declares Ebola outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo over (4 deaths)
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