Historical Events
1633 Galileo Galilei forced to recant his Copernican views that the Earth orbits the Sun by the Pope (Vatican only admits it was wrong on Oct 31, 1992!)
1675 Royal Greenwich Observatory established in England by Charles II
1772 Somerset v Stewart court case finds slavery unsupported by English common law, encouraging the abolitionist movement
1848 Beginning of the June Days uprising in Paris by French workers
1865 The CSS Shenandoah fires the last shot of the American Civil War in the Bering Strait to indicate surrender
1941 Germany, Italy and Romania declare war on the Soviet Unio
217 BC Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom
168 BC Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat and capture Macedonian King Perseus, ending the Third Macedonian War
431 Council of Ephesus (3rd ecumenical council) opens
816 Pope Stephen IV, [V] elected to succeed Leo III
1342 Bilbo Baggins returns to his home at Bag End, (Shire Reckoning)
1377 Richard II succeeds Edward III as king of England
1476 Battle at Morat/Murten: Charles the Stout invades Switzerland
1497 Antitax insurrection in Cornwall suppressed at Blackheat1679 Battle at Bothwell Bridge on Clyde: Duke of Monmouth beats Scots
1740 King Frederik II of Prussia ends torture and guarantees religion & freedom of the press
1745 Bonnie Prince Charles sails to Scotland
1772 Somerset v Stewart court case finds slavery unsupported by English common law, encouraging the abolitionist movement
1774 British parliament accepts Quebec Act
1775 1st Continental currency issued ($3,000,000)
1799 Britain and Russia decide to invade Batavian Republic
1807 British board USS Chesapeake, a provocation leading to War of 18121848 Beginning of the June Days uprising in Paris by French workers
1849 Stephen C Massett opens concert at San Francisco courthouse using only piano in California
1851 Fire destroys part of San Francisco, including City Hall and Jenny Lind Theatre, city's seventh fire in 2 years
1864 Battle of Ream's Station, Virginia (Wilson's Raid)
1864 Skirmish at Culp's (Kulp's) House, Georgia
1865 1st class cricket debut of Dr W G Grace
1865 The CSS Shenandoah fires the last shot of the American Civil War in the Bering Strait to indicate surrender
1868 Arkansas re-joins the US
1870 US Congress creates Department of Justice
1874 Dr Andrew T Still, discovers the science of osteopathy
1874 Game of lawn tennis introduced
1875 Garonne Flood: great damage in Verdun & Toulouse, kills about 1,000
1889 Louisville Colonels set ML baseball record with 26th consecutive loss
1893 British fleet under Vice Admiral George Tryon leaves Beirut
1900 In China, practically the whole foreign community in Peking, including many Chinese Christians, retreat to British compounds
1904 Chinese laborers arrive in South Africa following a severe labor shortage
1906 Haakon VII crowned King of Norwa1940 France surrenders to Nazi Germany, with the northern half of the country occupied and the south established as the Nazi client state Vichy France
1940 SS rounds up 31 German/Polish/Dutch Jews in Roermond, Netherlands
1940 About 10,000 Afrikaner women march to the union buildings in protest of South Africa's involvement in WWII
1941 Estonians starts armed resistance against Soviet occupation
1941 Finland invades Karelia
1941 Operation Barbarossa: Nazi Germany invades the Soviet Union during WWII
1941 Germany, Italy and Romania declare war on the Soviet Union
1941 Michael Gerasimov opens grave of Tamerlan "Lenk"
1941 The Lithuanian 1941 independence begins.
1941 Various Communist and Socialist French Resistance movements merge to one group
1942 Japanese submarine in mouth of Columbia River, Oregon
1942 Jewish Brigade attached by British Army in WW II, forms1996 Saurav Ganguly scores 131 at Lord's on Test cricket debut
1997 Ernie Els wins golf's Buick Classic
1997 Penny Hammel wins LPGA Rochester International
1997 World Bowl: Barcelona Dragon beat Rhein Fire, 38-24
1999 Former Mpumalanga premier, Ndaweni Mahlangu causes a storm within political circles with his now infamous statement, "It is acceptable for politicians to lie", South Africa
2002 An earthquake in western Iran measuring 6.5 on the Richter scale kills more than 261 people.
2009 Two Metro subway trains collide in Washington, D.C., killing 9 and injuring over 80
2009 109th US Golf Open: Lucas Glover shoots a 276 at Bethpage State Park NY
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